What is the thyroid gland, and what does it do? In the human body, a gland is an organ that produces and releases substances, like hormones or digestive juices, that perform a specific function. These substances can be released directly into the bloodstream (endocrine glands) or through a duct or opening (exocrine glands).  Our thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland at the base (front) of our neck just below the center of our throat. It is located below the Adam's apple, wrapped around the trachea (windpipe). A thin area of tissue in the gland's middle, known as the isthmus, joins the two thyroid lobes on each side. It's part of an intricate network of glands called the endocrine system. Our endocrine system is responsible for coordinating many of our body's activities. Our thyroid gland manufactures thyroid hormones, which play a key role in regulating blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, metabolism, and the body's reaction to other hormones. The thy...