Behavioral and emotional disorders in children: Some of the children have uncommon behavior. This type of mental disorder may be divided into the following categories:
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Conduct Disorder (CD). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
With the help of therapy, education, and medication, such a type of mental disorder can be controlled.
Now, we will discuss one by one as below: |
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): Few children have ODD due to mainly poor parenting. It is faced by the children of the age above 3 years.
Symptoms: Disobeying the elder's instructions. Unfriendly, unkind, and hostile behavior. Similar negative behavior like blaming others, annoying, irritating, etc.
Treatment: Family therapy and Promoting education for good quality parenting are needed for parents, teachers, etc. Professional help of pediatrics, child psychologist, and child psychiatrist may be taken.
Conduct Disorder (CD): In this type of disorder, children's behavior is observed to be aggressive and violent. If left untreated, they may be more violent, law breakers or criminals.
Symptom: Aggressive behavior towards animals and others. Tendency to fight others with weapons. Tendency to use drugs, tobacco, alcohol, etc. Law-breaking behavior like vandalism, stealing, sexual abuse, etc.
Treatment: Parent's or guardian's behavior is responsible for such a disorder. They are required to get professional help like psychotherapy, family therapy, parent training, etc.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD may have a lack of concentration (attention) or may be overactive and impulsive. They may be talkative (talking in between the discussion,, top over talking). It is not the fault of the child or parents. All children with such symptoms do not have ADHD. The exact reason is not known so far.
Treatment: Good quality parenting, counseling, education, medication, support from family, school, teacher, carers, etc. |
Bipolar affective disorder: It is also called Manic Disorder. Such people feel extreme mood swings. A cycle of extreme high and extreme low. Sometimes they feel extremely delightful (Mania or hypomania, hypomania is less severe than mania) and sometimes extremely sad (depression). An episode of Mania or depression may continue for a week or so and affects day-to-day life. The exact cause is not known however genetic and surrounding stress may trigger the episode of Bipolar affective disorder.
Diagnosis: Manic episode. During the episode, the patient's mood and behavior are extremely high. For example: abnormal activity, energy, and sleep patterns.
Treatment: Medication, physical examination, psychological therapy, support from family, friends, relatives, social groups, Psychiatrist consultation, Preparation of chart regarding mood & behavior during episode period, etc. |
Depression (Depressive Disorder):
Depression is a mental illness or mood disorder. It may be mild or severe. Most cases may be treated well. If left untreated, its severity may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior.
Symptoms: Its symptoms vary and depend on severity. Some of the symptoms are given below:
Lowering of mood, A feeling of Sadness, emptiness, irritation for a day or for every day or for a week. A feeling of weakness, Poor concentration, guilt, low self-esteem, hopelessness for the future. Loss of interest, energy, pleasure and enjoyment, sleep disorder, etc. In severe cases, suicidal thoughts and behavior.
Prevention and Treatment: Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT): It will help to stop negative thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Support from family, relatives, friends, workplace, support groups, health care providers, etc. Counseling and consultation with Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and healthcare providers. |
Eating Disorder:
Eating disorders may affect physical and mental life. Anyone irrespective of age, gender, etc. may suffer from an eating disorder. There may be several reasons for eating disorders. Some of the reasons are given below:
Social factors: Social compulsion for Dieting to reduce body weight and to maintain perfect body size & shape. Social pressure to get success or behave in a certain way. Status of people to be judged by their appearance. Change of school or employment. Due to pregnancy or birth of a child. Death of close relatives or loved ones.
Biological factors: Physical changes due to adolescence. Family history of eating disorders.
Psychological factors: Anxiety or stress. Depression. Perfectionism. Problem with emotional expressions. Self-low esteem.
Symptoms of eating disorders: There are various symptoms of eating disorders. Some of the symptoms are mentioned below:
Undue change or fluctuation in body weight. A problem in concentration. Very much sensitive to cold. Undue interest in food cooking for others. Showing disinterest in eating. Regular dieting. Possibility of premature death or suicide. Prevention and treatment:
The people living with the patient may also become patients with an eating disorder. Therefore family, friends, colleagues, healthcare providers, etc. should take care, and isolation procedures have to be adopted.
Consultation with a doctor, dietitian, psychologist, healthcare provider, family support, and cognitive therapy is needed for proper treatment. |
Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD): In this mental disorder, the patient feels insecure and thinks that he is always under threat by others. In this mental health issue, a continuous long-term pattern of mistrust and suspicion (paranoia) without sufficient reason is observed.
Symptoms: The patient may be easily offended. He does not trust others. Hypersensitive, can not tolerate criticism, Lack of forgiveness and forgetfulness. Remains always defensive. Other remarks are considered harmful without sufficient reasons. Difficulty in managing relationships. Feels that people are talking with bad intentions against him, Always hostile and argumentative.
Prevention and Treatment: Therapy: Techniques related to relaxation and reducing anxiety may be applied; however, treatment may be unsuccessful because the patient does not like to talk with the therapist. Medication. Psychological support. Hospitalization in severe cases. |
Psychosis:
People suffering from Psychosis feel delusions, hallucinations, and confusion. They can not differentiate between real and imaginary things.
Symptoms: Delusions: False beliefs which can not be removed even showing proof. Hallucinations: false perceptions of hearing, smelling, seeing, and tasting that do not exist. Change in the behavior. Confused thinking.
Treatment: Necessary support from family, friends, relatives, and support groups. Medication. Psychological therapy. Changes in the lifestyle for relaxation, sound sleep, stress relieving methods, stop using drugs, alcohol, etc. |
Schizophrenia: It is a complex problem of brain disorders. The life expectancy of such patients is 10-20 years less than the common people.
Symptoms: Disorganized or disruptive thinking. Thought disorder. Distorted perception. Social withdrawal. Lack of motivation. Disorganized behavior and extreme agitation. Inappropriate response. Hallucinations. Delusions. Important: If left untreated, high risk of suicide.
Treatment: Medication, psychoeducation, psychosocial rehabilitation, and family support. Hospitalization may be required till the symptoms are subsidized. |
Neurodevelopmental disorders: Some conditions that affect the functioning of the brain are called Neurodevelopmental disorders.
Symptoms: It may be a mild impairment and people can live a normal life. However, if it is severe, lifelong care is needed. Symptoms may be ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), autism, speech disorder, learning disability, language disorder, Intellectual disability (mental retardation), conduct disorder, cerebral palsy, impairment in vision and hearing, etc.
Treatment: There is no proper treatment so far. However, symptoms of children may be managed by medication, behavior therapy, Psychological counseling, speech therapy, etc. |
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